近期在研究和开发基于虚拟化的虚拟 HOOK 技术。在 Windows 7 x64 环境开发实测期间，发现针对 NtCreateThreadEx 函数的 HOOK 存在问题：该函数大部分情况下变得只返回 0xC00000F2 (STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_4) 第 4 个参数无效的状态码。这导致系统出现很多问题，大部分的新线程都无法成功创建。为了解决这个问题，在这篇文章中对问题进行追溯，查找到底是哪里导致的。
经过追踪：发现位于在 NtAllocateVirtualMemory 中如下位置赋值了提到的错误状态码：
kd> p
nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x47703:
fffff800`041e171e b8f20000c0 mov eax,0C00000F2h调用栈如下：
kd> k
# Child-SP RetAddr Call Site
00 fffff880`028e7470 fffff800`03e918d3 nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x47703
01 fffff880`028e7610 fffff800`03e8de70 nt!KiSystemServiceCopyEnd+0x13
02 fffff880`028e7818 fffff800`04180a63 nt!KiServiceLinkage
03 fffff880`028e7820 fffff800`03e918d3 nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x4c6
04 fffff880`028e7b70 fffff800`03e8de70 nt!KiSystemServiceCopyEnd+0x13
05 fffff880`028e7d08 fffff800`04180226 nt!KiServiceLinkage
06 fffff880`028e7d10 fffff800`0417e84d nt!RtlCreateUserStack+0x122
07 fffff880`028e7e00 fffff800`0417e47e nt!PspAllocateThread+0x299
08 fffff880`028e8020 fffff800`04182385 nt!PspCreateThread+0x1d2
09 fffff880`028e82a0 fffff880`03ea22ee nt!NtCreateThreadEx+0x25d
0a fffff880`028e89f0 fffff800`03e918d3 DetectModule!Handle_SSDT_NtCreateThreadEx+0x9e
0b fffff880`028e8a70 00000000`76e51d9a nt!KiSystemServiceCopyEnd+0x13
0c 00000000`0366af18 000007fe`fd01b4a3 ntdll!NtCreateThreadEx+0xa
0d 00000000`0366af20 00000000`76bf65b6 KernelBase!CreateRemoteThreadEx+0x163
0e 00000000`0366b3e0 000007fe`f57f7186 kernel32!CreateThreadStub+0x36
0f 00000000`0366b430 00000000`00000000 0x000007fe`f57f7186具体的调用链：
NtCreateThreadEx > PspCreateThread > PspAllocateThread > RtlCreateUserStack > ZwSetInformationProcess > NtSetInformationProcess > ZwAllocateVirtualMemory > NtAllocateVirtualMemory最终在 NtAllocateVirtualMemory 函数中因其第4个参数的问题导致了 0xC00000F2 的状态码。报错误码的指令前面的 10 条执行指令如下：
eb05 jmp nt!NtAllocateVirtualMemory+0x119 (fffff800`04189da9)
488b056092f3ff mov rax,qword ptr [nt!MmHighestUserAddress (fffff800`040c3010)]
48050000ffff add rax,0FFFFFFFFFFFF0000h
483bd8 cmp rbx,rax
0f8755790500 ja nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x476f9 (fffff800`041e1714)
488b054a92f3ff mov rax,qword ptr [nt!MmHighestUserAddress (fffff800`040c3010)]
482bc3 sub rax,rbx
482dffff0000 sub rax,0FFFFh
493bc7 cmp rax,r15
0f8246790500 jb nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x47703 (fffff800`041e171e)
b8f20000c0 mov eax,0C00000F2h通过 IDA Hex 插件查看：
if ( v147 > MmHighestUserAddress - 0x10000 )
return 0xC00000F0i64;
if ( MmHighestUserAddress - v147 - 0xFFFF < v19 )
return 0xC00000F2i64;在上面的第二个 if 判断命中条件，返回了 0xC00000F2 状态码。
在 Windbg 中捕获的该函数的指令执行路径如下，在分析时由于篇幅关系，在下面的指令片段中均把机器码左侧 64 位地址的高 32 位隐去：
nt!NtAllocateVirtualMemory:
`04189c90 4c894c2420 mov qword ptr [rsp+20h],r9
`04189c95 4c89442418 mov qword ptr [rsp+18h],r8
`04189c9a 4889542410 mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx
`04189c9f 48894c2408 mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx
`04189ca4 53 push rbx
`04189ca5 56 push rsi
`04189ca6 57 push rdi
`04189ca7 4154 push r12
`04189ca9 4155 push r13
`04189cab 4156 push r14
`04189cad 4157 push r15
`04189caf 4881ec60010000 sub rsp,160h
`04189cb6 4d8bd1 mov r10,r9
`04189cb9 498bc0 mov rax,r8
`04189cbc 4c8bca mov r9,rdx
`04189cbf 4c8be9 mov r13,rcx
`04189cc2 4d85c0 test r8,r8
`04189cc5 0f8523080000 jne nt!NtAllocateVirtualMemory+0x85e (`0418a4ee)
`0418a4ee 4883f820 cmp rax,20h
`0418a4f2 0f8223710500 jb nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x475f0 (`041e161b)
`0418a4f8 488bc8 mov rcx,rax
`0418a4fb e82002ceff call nt!RtlFindMostSignificantBit (`03e6a720)
`0418a500 440fbec0 movsx r8d,al
`0418a504 b83f000000 mov eax,3Fh
`0418a509 412bc0 sub eax,r8d
`0418a50c 4898 cdqe
`0418a50e 48898424b0010000 mov qword ptr [rsp+1B0h],rax
`0418a516 4883f835 cmp rax,35h
`0418a51a 0f86abf7ffff jbe nt!NtAllocateVirtualMemory+0x3b (`04189ccb)
`04189ccb 4533c0 xor r8d,r8d
`04189cce 418bf8 mov edi,r8d
`04189cd1 654c8b242588010000 mov r12,qword ptr gs:[188h]
`04189cda 4d8b5c2470 mov r11,qword ptr [r12+70h]
`04189cdf 4c895c2478 mov qword ptr [rsp+78h],r11
`04189ce4 8bb424c0010000 mov esi,dword ptr [rsp+1C0h]
`04189ceb 448bf6 mov r14d,esi
`04189cee 4183e67f and r14d,7Fh
`04189cf2 0fb7050f93f3ff movzx eax,word ptr [nt!KeNumberNodes (`040c3008)]
`04189cf9 443bf0 cmp r14d,eax
`04189cfc 0f8734790500 ja nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4760b (`041e1636)
`04189d02 83e680 and esi,0FFFFFF80h
`04189d05 f7c6ffcf07df test esi,0DF07CFFFh
`04189d0b 0f852f790500 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x47615 (`041e1640)
`04189d11 f7c600300800 test esi,83000h
`04189d17 0f842d790500 je nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4761f (`041e164a)
`04189d1d f7c60000e820 test esi,20E80000h
`04189d23 0f85e2090000 jne nt!NtAllocateVirtualMemory+0xa7b (`0418a70b)
`04189d29 8b8424c8010000 mov eax,dword ptr [rsp+1C8h]
`04189d30 89442460 mov dword ptr [rsp+60h],eax
`04189d34 8bc8 mov ecx,eax
`04189d36 e8c5bcd1ff call nt!MiMakeProtectionMask (`03ea5a00)
`04189d3b 89442474 mov dword ptr [rsp+74h],eax
`04189d3f 83f8ff cmp eax,0FFFFFFFFh
`04189d42 0f84c2790500 je nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x476ef (`041e170a)
`04189d48 410fb69424f6010000 movzx edx,byte ptr [r12+1F6h]
`04189d51 88542470 mov byte ptr [rsp+70h],dl
`04189d55 84d2 test dl,dl
`04189d57 7436 je nt!NtAllocateVirtualMemory+0xff (`04189d8f)
`04189d8f 498b19 mov rbx,qword ptr [r9]
`04189d92 48899c24a0000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0A0h],rbx
`04189d9a 4d8b3a mov r15,qword ptr [r10]
`04189d9d 4c897c2468 mov qword ptr [rsp+68h],r15
`04189da2 eb05 jmp nt!NtAllocateVirtualMemory+0x119 (`04189da9)
`04189da9 488b056092f3ff mov rax,qword ptr [nt!MmHighestUserAddress (`040c3010)]
`04189db0 48050000ffff add rax,0FFFFFFFFFFFF0000h
`04189db6 483bd8 cmp rbx,rax
`04189db9 0f8755790500 ja nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x476f9 (`041e1714)
`04189dbf 488b054a92f3ff mov rax,qword ptr [nt!MmHighestUserAddress (`040c3010)]
`04189dc6 482bc3 sub rax,rbx
`04189dc9 482dffff0000 sub rax,0FFFFh
`04189dcf 493bc7 cmp rax,r15
`04189dd2 0f8246790500 jb nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x47703 (`041e171e)
`041e171e b8f20000c0 mov eax,0C00000F2h根据上面的指令执行路径可知，关键的寄存器是 r9 寄存器。但在函数稍开始位置将第二个参数寄存器 rdx 的值赋值给 r9 寄存器。
参数4：在赋值 r9 之前，函数将 r9 寄存器赋值给 r10 寄存器；在函数稍后位置将 r10 寄存器存储的值作为地址取指针长度的值赋值给 r15 寄存器，并且在最后作为 cmp 比较的依据之一，即代码中的 v19 变量。
参数2：在将 rdx 的值赋值 r9 寄存器之后，在稍后位置将 r9 寄存器的值作为地址取指针长度的值赋值 rbx 寄存器，并通过将 MmHighestUserAddress-rbx-0xFFFF 获得的值与前面的 r15 寄存器进行大小比较。
函数原型：
NTSTATUS
NTAPI
NtAllocateVirtualMemory(
IN HANDLE ProcessHandle,
IN OUT PVOID *BaseAddress,
IN ULONG_PTR ZeroBits,
IN OUT PSIZE_T RegionSize,
IN ULONG AllocationType,
IN ULONG Protect
);MmHighestUserAddress 初值：
mov rax, 7FFFFFEFFFFh
lea rdx, aSafeboot_0 ; "SAFEBOOT:"
mov cs:MmHighestUserAddress, rax
mov rax, 7FFFFFF0000h
mov cs:MmUserProbeAddress, rax如果前面相减得到的 rax 值小于 r15 值，那么报错。
if ( MmHighestUserAddress - *BaseAddress - 0xFFFF < *RegionSize )
return 0xC00000F2i64;在报错指令位置下断点，截获到一次报错的上下文，判断的两个寄存器值如下：
kd> r rax, r15
rax=000007fffffe0000 r15=fffffa8000000000显而易见地，问题出在 r15 寄存器的值，而 r15 寄存器的值是由 r10 寄存器存储的指针指向地址的值赋值的。
kd> r r10
r10=fffff880030f8918
kd> dq fffff880030f8918 l1
fffff880`030f8918 fffffa80`00000000显而易见地这是一个非常离谱的值，通常此处通过 RegionSize 参数指向域的值确定分配虚拟内存的区域大小，而 0xfffffa8000000000 显然超过了正常用户地址空间的范围。
至于为什么会传入这样无效的值，继续向上探究：
nt!NtSetInformationProcess:
`041d659c fff3 push rbx
kd> r rdx
rdx=0000000000000029
kd> p
nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x2:
`041d659e 56 push rsi
`041d659f 57 push rdi
`041d65a0 4154 push r12
`041d65a2 4155 push r13
`041d65a4 4156 push r14
`041d65a6 4157 push r15
`041d65a8 4881ec10030000 sub rsp,310h
`041d65af 488b052a44e8ff mov rax,qword ptr [nt!_security_cookie (`0405a9e0)]
`041d65b6 4833c4 xor rax,rsp
`041d65b9 4889842400030000 mov qword ptr [rsp+300h],rax
`041d65c1 458bf9 mov r15d,r9d
`041d65c4 4d8be0 mov r12,r8
`041d65c7 4c8bd1 mov r10,rcx
`041d65ca 48894c2458 mov qword ptr [rsp+58h],rcx
`041d65cf 4c898424b0000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0B0h],r8
`041d65d7 44897c2474 mov dword ptr [rsp+74h],r15d
`041d65dc 654c8b342588010000 mov r14,qword ptr gs:[188h] ;; Get _KTHREAD pointer
`041d65e5 4c89b42480000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+80h],r14
`041d65ed 418abef6010000 mov dil,byte ptr [r14+1F6h] ;; PreviousMode
`041d65f4 33f6 xor esi,esi
`041d65f6 403afe cmp dil,sil ;; PreviousMode == KernelMode
`041d65f9 0f8461030000 je nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x3c3 (`041d6960)
`041d6960 bb08000000 mov ebx,8
`041d6965 448d6bf9 lea r13d,[rbx-7]
`041d6969 e949fdffff jmp nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x11a (`041d66b7)
`041d66b7 83fa17 cmp edx,17h
`041d66ba 0f8f76010000 jg nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x299 (`041d6836)
`041d6836 83fa27 cmp edx,27h
`041d6839 0f8e2f010000 jle nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x3d1 (`041d696e)
`041d683f 83ea28 sub edx,28h
`041d6842 0f84c95f0600 je nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4ce75 (`0423c811)
`041d6848 412bd5 sub edx,r13d ; r13d=029h
`041d684b 0f8573030000 jne nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x627 (`041d6bc4)
`041d6851 4883cbff or rbx,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFh
`041d6855 4c3bd3 cmp r10,rbx
`041d6858 0f850b5f0600 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4cdbf (`0423c769)
`041d685e 4183ff28 cmp r15d,28h
`041d6862 0f85155f0600 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4cdd3 (`0423c77d)
`041d6868 403afe cmp dil,sil
`041d686b 0f85d8030000 jne nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x6ac (`041d6c49)
`041d6871 4c8bfe mov r15,rsi
`041d6874 458b3424 mov r14d,dword ptr [r12]
`041d6878 4183fe40 cmp r14d,40h
`041d687c 0f87f15e0600 ja nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4cdc9 (`0423c773)
`041d6882 418b44240c mov eax,dword ptr [r12+0Ch]
`041d6887 410b442408 or eax,dword ptr [r12+8]
`041d688c 410b442404 or eax,dword ptr [r12+4]
`041d6891 0f85dc5e0600 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4cdc9 (`0423c773)
`041d6897 4983c410 add r12,10h
`041d689b 49393424 cmp qword ptr [r12],rsi
kd> r r12
r12=fffff88003aefd98
kd> p
`041d689f 0f84215f0600 je nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4ce23 (`0423c7c6)
`041d68a5 49ba1400000080f7ffff mov r10,0FFFFF78000000014h
`041d68af 4d8b12 mov r10,qword ptr [r10]
`041d68b2 0f31 rdtsc
`041d68b4 48c1e220 shl rdx,20h
`041d68b8 480bc2 or rax,rdx
`041d68bb 4c03d0 add r10,rax
`041d68be 4183e21f and r10d,1Fh
`041d68c2 4503d5 add r10d,r13d
`041d68c5 4d8b1c24 mov r11,qword ptr [r12] ;; 从r12指向地址取值赋给r11
`041d68c9 4c899c24f8000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0F8h],r11 ;; 为[rsp+0F8h]变量赋值
`041d68d1 65488b042588010000 mov rax,qword ptr gs:[188h]
`041d68da 488b4870 mov rcx,qword ptr [rax+70h]
`041d68de 0fbaa13c04000011 bt dword ptr [rcx+43Ch],11h
`041d68e6 0f823e010000 jb nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x48d (`041d6a2a)
`041d68ec 4d8b4c2408 mov r9,qword ptr [r12+8]
`041d68f1 4c3bce cmp r9,rsi
`041d68f4 0f85d65e0600 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4ce2d (`0423c7d0)
`0423c7d0 4983f920 cmp r9,20h
`0423c7d4 7217 jb nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4ce51 (`0423c7ed)
`0423c7d6 498bc9 mov rcx,r9
`0423c7d9 e8423fc8ff call nt!RtlFindMostSignificantBit (`03ec0720)
`0423c7de 0fbec8 movsx ecx,al
`0423c7e1 b83f000000 mov eax,3Fh
`0423c7e6 2bc1 sub eax,ecx
`0423c7e8 4c63c8 movsxd r9,eax
`0423c7eb eb04 jmp nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x4ce55 (`0423c7f1)
`0423c7f1 4983f935 cmp r9,35h
`0423c7f5 0f8739a2f9ff ja nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x497 (`041d6a34)
`0423c7fb e9faa0f9ff jmp nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x35d (`041d68fa)
`041d68fa 4d8d6c2410 lea r13,[r12+10h]
`041d68ff 4c896c2420 mov qword ptr [rsp+20h],r13
`041d6904 4533c0 xor r8d,r8d
`041d6907 498bd3 mov rdx,r11
`041d690a 418bca mov ecx,r10d
`041d690d e8863e0000 call nt!MiScanUserAddressSpace (`041da798)
`041d6912 8bc8 mov ecx,eax
`041d6914 3bc6 cmp eax,esi
`041d6916 7c28 jl nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x3a3 (`041d6940)
`041d6940 3bce cmp ecx,esi
`041d6942 0f8cec000000 jl nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x497 (`041d6a34)
`041d6a34 498d542410 lea rdx,[r12+10h]
`041d6a39 488932 mov qword ptr [rdx],rsi
`041d6a3c 410fbaee0d bts r14d,0Dh
`041d6a41 c744242804000000 mov dword ptr [rsp+28h],4
`041d6a49 4489742420 mov dword ptr [rsp+20h],r14d
`041d6a4e 4c8d8c24f8000000 lea r9,[rsp+0F8h] ;; 取[rsp+0F8h]变量的地址给r9寄存器
`041d6a56 4d8b442408 mov r8,qword ptr [r12+8]
`041d6a5b 488bcb mov rcx,rbx
`041d6a5e e87da4d0ff call nt!ZwAllocateVirtualMemory (`03ee0ee0)
kd> p
nt!NtSetInformationProcess+0x4c6:
`041d6a63 8bc8 mov ecx,eax
kd> r rax
rax=00000000c00000f2
kd> r rsp
rsp=fffff88003aef820
kd> dq rsp+0x0f8 l1
fffff880`03aef918 fffff800`00000000
kd> dq fffff88003aefd98 l1
fffff880`03aefd98 fffff800`00000000函数定义：
NTSTATUS
NTAPI
NtSetInformationProcess (
IN HANDLE ProcessHandle,
IN PROCESSINFOCLASS ProcessInformationClass,
IN PVOID ProcessInformation,
IN ULONG ProcessInformationLength
);其中第二个参数是定义设置进程信息的类型。根据上面的指令执行路径得知，这次调用传递给该函数的第二个参数值为0x29，根据 PROCESSINFOCLASS 定义：
typedef enum _PROCESSINFOCLASS {
...
ProcessThreadStackAllocation = 0x29, // 0x29, 41
...
} PROCESSINFOCLASS;进程信息类型为 0x29 时表示设置进程的线程栈分配信息。
在这次 NtSetInformationProcess 函数调用中，可以看到传入 ZwAllocateVirtualMemory 函数的第四个参数来自它自身第三个参数 r8 寄存器指向的结构体对象基址 +10 偏移的域值。
第三个参数是 ProcessInformation，指向一个由调用者分配的缓冲区，作为用于提供指定的进程信息类型所需的各种数据的结构。
在该函数调用初期查看这个缓冲区中的数据：
kd> dq 0xfffff880`03aefd88
fffff880`03aefd88 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
fffff880`03aefd98 fffff880`00000000 00000000`00000000
fffff880`03aefda8 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000可以确定的是上级函数传入 NtSetInformationProcess 的第三个参数时缓冲区中的数据就是这样的，就是说偏移为 +10h 位置的域其值为 0xFFFFF88000000000 这种异常的值。
所以此时继续向上探究。在 nt!RtlCreateUserStack 函数首地址下断点捕获其调用路径：
nt!RtlCreateUserStack:
`041cf104 4c89442418 mov qword ptr [rsp+18h],r8
`041cf109 4889542410 mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rdx
`041cf10e 48894c2408 mov qword ptr [rsp+8],rcx
`041cf113 53 push rbx
`041cf114 56 push rsi
`041cf115 4154 push r12
`041cf117 4155 push r13
`041cf119 4156 push r14
`041cf11b 4157 push r15
`041cf11d 4881ecb8000000 sub rsp,0B8h
`041cf124 4d8be9 mov r13,r9
`041cf127 488bf2 mov rsi,rdx
`041cf12a 488bd9 mov rbx,rcx
`041cf12d 4d8bf9 mov r15,r9
`041cf130 49c1ef38 shr r15,38h
`041cf134 44887c2430 mov byte ptr [rsp+30h],r15b
`041cf139 48b8ffffffffffffff00 mov rax,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFh
`041cf143 4c23e8 and r13,rax
`041cf146 4c89ac2408010000 mov qword ptr [rsp+108h],r13
`041cf14e 4180ff40 cmp r15b,40h
`041cf152 0f8764060400 ja nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x7020 (`0420f7bc)
`041cf158 4b8d446d00 lea rax,[r13+r13*2]
`041cf15d 4889442460 mov qword ptr [rsp+60h],rax
`041cf162 65488b042588010000 mov rax,qword ptr gs:[188h]
`041cf16b 488b4870 mov rcx,qword ptr [rax+70h]
`041cf16f 4c8bb138030000 mov r14,qword ptr [rcx+338h]
`041cf176 4c89742458 mov qword ptr [rsp+58h],r14
`041cf17b 4885db test rbx,rbx
`041cf17e 0f848b010000 je nt!RtlCreateUserStack+0x20b (`041cf30f)
`041cf184 4885d2 test rdx,rdx
`041cf187 0f8482010000 je nt!RtlCreateUserStack+0x20b (`041cf30f)
`041cf18d b800400000 mov eax,4000h
`041cf192 4885db test rbx,rbx
`041cf195 480f44d8 cmove rbx,rax
`041cf199 483bde cmp rbx,rsi
`041cf19c 0f832c060400 jae nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x7032 (`0420f7ce)
`0420f7ce 488db3ffff0f00 lea rsi,[rbx+0FFFFFh]
`0420f7d5 4881e60000f0ff and rsi,0FFFFFFFFFFF00000h
`0420f7dc e9c1f9fbff jmp nt!RtlCreateUserStack+0x9e (`041cf1a2)
`041cf1a2 498d4dff lea rcx,[r13-1]
`041cf1a6 48f7d1 not rcx
`041cf1a9 4e8d642bff lea r12,[rbx+r13-1]
`041cf1ae 4c23e1 and r12,rcx
`041cf1b1 4881c6ffff0000 add rsi,0FFFFh
`041cf1b8 4881e60000ffff and rsi,0FFFFFFFFFFFF0000h
`041cf1bf 498b8618030000 mov rax,qword ptr [r14+318h]
`041cf1c6 48898424a0000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0A0h],rax
`041cf1ce eb05 jmp nt!RtlCreateUserStack+0xd1 (`041cf1d5)
`041cf1d5 4885c0 test rax,rax
`041cf1d8 0f8503060400 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x7045 (`0420f7e1)
`041cf1de 410fb6c7 movzx eax,r15b
`041cf1e2 89442478 mov dword ptr [rsp+78h],eax
`041cf1e6 8364247c00 and dword ptr [rsp+7Ch],0
`041cf1eb 83a4248400000000 and dword ptr [rsp+84h],0
`041cf1f3 83a4248000000000 and dword ptr [rsp+80h],0
`041cf1fb 4889b42488000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+88h],rsi ; assign-> RegionSize
`041cf203 4c89842490000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+90h],r8
`041cf20b 41b928000000 mov r9d,28h
`041cf211 4c8d442478 lea r8,[rsp+78h]
`041cf216 418d5101 lea edx,[r9+1]
`041cf21a 4983cfff or r15,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFh
`041cf21e 498bcf mov rcx,r15
`041cf221 e83aadd0ff call nt!ZwSetInformationProcess (`03ed9f60)
kd> r r8
r8=fffff8800422bd88
kd> dq [r8]
fffff880`0422bd88 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
fffff880`0422bd98 fffff880`00100000 00000000`00000000
fffff880`0422bda8 00000000`00000384 00000000`00000000
fffff880`0422bdb8 00000000`00000018 fffff880`0422bdd0
kd> r
rax=0000000000000000 rbx=fffff88000002000 rcx=ffffffffffffffff
rdx=0000000000000029 rsi=fffff88000100000 rdi=0000000000000000
rip=fffff800041cf221 rsp=fffff8800422bd10 rbp=fffffa8004170b30
r8=fffff8800422bd88 r9=0000000000000028 r10=0000000000000001
r11=fffff8800422bde0 r12=fffff88000002000 r13=0000000000001000
r14=000007fffffd7000 r15=ffffffffffffffff
iopl=0 nv up ei ng nz na po nc
cs=0010 ss=0018 ds=002b es=002b fs=0053 gs=002b efl=00000286根据执行路径可知，传入给 ZwSetInformationProcess 的第三个参数指针指向的是位于 RtlCreateUserStack 栈区域的局部结构体变量。在将结构体地址赋值给 r8 寄存器之前，函数执行对结构体 6 个域赋值操作，其中需要关注的是第 5 个域，即在前面一直追寻的指示 RegionSize 的来源的域，这个域是通过 rsi 寄存器赋值的。
向上追溯，发现在 rsi 寄存器取 rbx+0xFFFFF 地址之后，再经过几次逻辑与运算：
lea rsi,[rbx+0FFFFFh]
and rsi,0FFFFFFFFFFF00000h
add rsi,0FFFFh
and rsi,0FFFFFFFFFFFF0000h此时 rbx 的值是 0xFFFFF88000002000，而 rbx 是在函数执行开始时由 rcx 寄存器直接赋值的，而 rcx 寄存器是作为函数的第 1 个参数传入的。该函数原型如下：
NTSTATUS
NTAPI
RtlCreateUserStack (
_In_opt_ SIZE_T CommittedStackSize,
_In_opt_ SIZE_T MaximumStackSize,
_In_opt_ ULONG_PTR ZeroBits,
_In_ SIZE_T PageSize,
_In_ ULONG_PTR ReserveAlignment,
_Out_ PINITIAL_TEB InitialTeb
);其中第一个参数是 CommittedStackSize，作为栈的初始提交大小。显然地在这里传入该函数的这个参数就是不寻常的值。那么继续向上探究：
nt!PspAllocateThread:
`041cd5b4 488bc4 mov rax,rsp
`041cd5b7 4c894820 mov qword ptr [rax+20h],r9
`041cd5bb 44884018 mov byte ptr [rax+18h],r8b
`041cd5bf 48895010 mov qword ptr [rax+10h],rdx
`041cd5c3 48894808 mov qword ptr [rax+8],rcx
`041cd5c7 53 push rbx
`041cd5c8 56 push rsi
`041cd5c9 57 push rdi
`041cd5ca 4154 push r12
`041cd5cc 4155 push r13
`041cd5ce 4156 push r14
`041cd5d0 4157 push r15
`041cd5d2 4881ece0010000 sub rsp,1E0h
`041cd5d9 458ad0 mov r10b,r8b
`041cd5dc 4c8be9 mov r13,rcx
`041cd5df 33ff xor edi,edi
`041cd5e1 48897c2470 mov qword ptr [rsp+70h],rdi
`041cd5e6 4c3bcf cmp r9,rdi
`041cd5e9 740b je nt!PspAllocateThread+0x42 (`041cd5f6)
`041cd5eb 410fba210f bt dword ptr [r9],0Fh
`041cd5f0 0f823c0ff6ff jb nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x241f0 (`0412e532)
`041cd5f6 4c8ba42460020000 mov r12,qword ptr [rsp+260h]
`041cd5fe 65488b042588010000 mov rax,qword ptr gs:[188h]
`041cd607 4889842498000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+98h],rax
`041cd60f 4c8b842478020000 mov r8,qword ptr [rsp+278h]
`041cd617 4189b878010000 mov dword ptr [r8+178h],edi
`041cd61e 4588907c010000 mov byte ptr [r8+17Ch],r10b
`041cd625 4c8bb42440020000 mov r14,qword ptr [rsp+240h]
`041cd62d 4c3bf7 cmp r14,rdi
`041cd630 0f848a060000 je nt!PspAllocateThread+0x70b (`041cdcc0)
`041cd636 483b0df349f4ff cmp rcx,qword ptr [nt!PsInitialSystemProcess (`04112030)]
`041cd63d 0f841a0ff6ff je nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x2421f (`0412e55d)
`041cd643 483bd7 cmp rdx,rdi
`041cd646 0f851a040000 jne nt!PspAllocateThread+0x4b2 (`041cda66)
`041cd64c 498b85c8010000 mov rax,qword ptr [r13+1C8h]
`041cd653 48f7d8 neg rax
`041cd656 1bf6 sbb esi,esi
`041cd658 83e658 and esi,58h
`041cd65b 41bf98040000 mov r15d,498h
`041cd661 4103f7 add esi,r15d
`041cd664 488d442458 lea rax,[rsp+58h]
`041cd669 4889442440 mov qword ptr [rsp+40h],rax
`041cd66e 89742438 mov dword ptr [rsp+38h],esi
`041cd672 897c2430 mov dword ptr [rsp+30h],edi
`041cd676 89742428 mov dword ptr [rsp+28h],esi
`041cd67a 48897c2420 mov qword ptr [rsp+20h],rdi
`041cd67f 458aca mov r9b,r10b
`041cd682 4c8bc2 mov r8,rdx
`041cd685 488b15c449f4ff mov rdx,qword ptr [nt!PsThreadType (`04112050)]
`041cd68c 418aca mov cl,r10b
`041cd68f e84cd60000 call nt!ObCreateObject (`041dace0)
`041cd694 8bd8 mov ebx,eax
`041cd696 89442450 mov dword ptr [rsp+50h],eax
`041cd69a 3bc7 cmp eax,edi
`041cd69c 0f8cc00ef6ff jl nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x24224 (`0412e562)
`041cd6a2 448bc6 mov r8d,esi
`041cd6a5 33d2 xor edx,edx
`041cd6a7 488b5c2458 mov rbx,qword ptr [rsp+58h]
`041cd6ac 488bcb mov rcx,rbx
`041cd6af e8dc61d1ff call nt!memset (`03ee3890)
`041cd6b4 413bf7 cmp esi,r15d
`041cd6b7 0f87b40ef6ff ja nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x24233 (`0412e571)
`041cd6bd 4889bb30040000 mov qword ptr [rbx+430h],rdi
`041cd6c4 488d8bb0030000 lea rcx,[rbx+3B0h]
`041cd6cb 48898c2480000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+80h],rcx
`041cd6d3 498b8580010000 mov rax,qword ptr [r13+180h]
`041cd6da 488901 mov qword ptr [rcx],rax
`041cd6dd 41f6042404 test byte ptr [r12],4
`041cd6e2 0f85c00ef6ff jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x2426a (`0412e5a8)
`041cd6e8 488db338040000 lea rsi,[rbx+438h]
`041cd6ef 48893e mov qword ptr [rsi],rdi
`041cd6f2 c7834004000007000000 mov dword ptr [rbx+440h],7
`041cd6fc 488d8bc0030000 lea rcx,[rbx+3C0h]
`041cd703 33d2 xor edx,edx
`041cd705 448d4201 lea r8d,[rdx+1]
`041cd709 e88e56d0ff call nt!KeInitializeSemaphore (`03ed2d9c)
`041cd70e 488d8b68030000 lea rcx,[rbx+368h]
`041cd715 48894908 mov qword ptr [rcx+8],rcx
`041cd719 488909 mov qword ptr [rcx],rcx
`041cd71c 488d83e8030000 lea rax,[rbx+3E8h]
`041cd723 48894008 mov qword ptr [rax+8],rax
`041cd727 488900 mov qword ptr [rax],rax
`041cd72a 4889bb80040000 mov qword ptr [rbx+480h],rdi
`041cd731 4889bb98030000 mov qword ptr [rbx+398h],rdi
`041cd738 488d83a0030000 lea rax,[rbx+3A0h]
`041cd73f 48894008 mov qword ptr [rax+8],rax
`041cd743 488900 mov qword ptr [rax],rax
`041cd746 48a11400000080f7ffff mov rax,qword ptr [FFFFF78000000014h]
`041cd750 488b4c2458 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+58h]
`041cd755 48898160030000 mov qword ptr [rcx+360h],rax
`041cd75c 48898c24b8000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0B8h],rcx
`041cd764 89bc24c0000000 mov dword ptr [rsp+0C0h],edi
`041cd76b f0480fba2e00 lock bts qword ptr [rsi],0
`041cd771 0f823d0ef6ff jb nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x24276 (`0412e5b4)
`041cd777 4c8b7c2458 mov r15,qword ptr [rsp+58h]
`041cd77c 498d9fb8030000 lea rbx,[r15+3B8h]
`041cd783 48899c24b0000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+0B0h],rbx
`041cd78b 488d9424b8000000 lea rdx,[rsp+0B8h]
`041cd793 488b0d2eb4ebff mov rcx,qword ptr [nt!PspCidTable (`04088bc8)]
`041cd79a e8a5050000 call nt!ExCreateHandle (`041cdd44)
`041cd79f 488903 mov qword ptr [rbx],rax
`041cd7a2 483bc7 cmp rax,rdi
`041cd7a5 0f84170ef6ff je nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x24284 (`0412e5c2)
`041cd7ab 4c3bf7 cmp r14,rdi
`041cd7ae 0f8429050000 je nt!PspAllocateThread+0x728 (`041cdcdd)
`041cd7b4 668bf7 mov si,di
`041cd7b7 89742460 mov dword ptr [rsp+60h],esi
`041cd7bb 41f6042480 test byte ptr [r12],80h
`041cd7c0 0f8592020000 jne nt!PspAllocateThread+0x4a4 (`041cda58)
`041cd7c6 41f6042402 test byte ptr [r12],2
`041cd7cb 0f85dc040000 jne nt!PspAllocateThread+0x6f8 (`041cdcad)
`041cd7d1 41b808000000 mov r8d,8
`041cd7d7 4c8ba42470020000 mov r12,qword ptr [rsp+270h]
`041cd7df 4c3be7 cmp r12,rdi
`041cd7e2 0f84c90ef6ff je nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x2437b (`0412e6b1)
`041cd7e8 4939bd20030000 cmp qword ptr [r13+320h],rdi
`041cd7ef 0f8512030000 jne nt!PspAllocateThread+0x552 (`041cdb07)
`041cd7f5 41f6042401 test byte ptr [r12],1
`041cd7fa 0f858e0ef6ff jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x24358 (`0412e68e)
`041cd800 bb00100000 mov ebx,1000h
`041cd805 41397c2420 cmp dword ptr [r12+20h],edi
`041cd80a 0f853e0ef6ff jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x24318 (`0412e64e)
`041cd810 488d942450010000 lea rdx,[rsp+150h]
`041cd818 498bcd mov rcx,r13
`041cd81b e8f04bd4ff call nt!KeStackAttachProcess (`03f12410)
`041cd820 4c8bb42448020000 mov r14,qword ptr [rsp+248h]
`041cd828 4c89742428 mov qword ptr [rsp+28h],r14
`041cd82d 48c744242000000100 mov qword ptr [rsp+20h],10000h
`041cd836 4c8bcb mov r9,rbx
`041cd839 4d8b442408 mov r8,qword ptr [r12+8]
`041cd83e 498b542418 mov rdx,qword ptr [r12+18h]
`041cd843 498b4c2410 mov rcx,qword ptr [r12+10h]
`041cd848 e8b7180000 call nt!RtlCreateUserStack (`041cf104)
kd> r
rax=0000000000000000 rbx=0000000000001000 rcx=fffff88000002000
rdx=000007fe00000000 rsi=fffffa8003020000 rdi=0000000000000000
rip=041cd848 rsp=fffff8800422be00 rbp=fffffa8004170b30
r8=0000000000000000 r9=0000000000001000 r10=0000000000000001
r11=fffff8800422bde0 r12=fffff8800422c310 r13=fffffa8004170b30
r14=fffff8800422c340 r15=fffffa8003028b60
kd> dq [rsp+270h] l1
fffff880`0422c070 fffff880`0422c310
kd> dq fffff880`0422c310 l4
fffff880`0422c310 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
fffff880`0422c320 fffff880`00002000 000007fe`00000000根据上面的执行路径，传入 RtlCreateUserStack 函数的第一个参数 rcx 寄存器是由 qword ptr [r12+10h] 赋值的。而 r12 寄存器在稍早时候取 [rsp+270h] 指向地址的指针长度的值。
[rsp+270h] 是调用者传递给该函数的第 11 个参数。继续向上追溯：
nt!PspCreateThread:
`041cd2ac 48895c2410 mov qword ptr [rsp+10h],rbx
`041cd2b1 55 push rbp
`041cd2b2 56 push rsi
`041cd2b3 57 push rdi
`041cd2b4 4154 push r12
`041cd2b6 4155 push r13
`041cd2b8 4156 push r14
`041cd2ba 4157 push r15
`041cd2bc 4881ec40020000 sub rsp,240h
`041cd2c3 488b051667e8ff mov rax,qword ptr [nt!_security_cookie (`040539e0)]
`041cd2ca 4833c4 xor rax,rsp
`041cd2cd 4889842430020000 mov qword ptr [rsp+230h],rax
`041cd2d5 4c8bac24c0020000 mov r13,qword ptr [rsp+2C0h]
`041cd2dd 488bbc24a0020000 mov rdi,qword ptr [rsp+2A0h]
`041cd2e5 4c8bb424a8020000 mov r14,qword ptr [rsp+2A8h]
`041cd2ed 4c8bbc24c8020000 mov r15,qword ptr [rsp+2C8h]
`041cd2f5 65488b1c2588010000 mov rbx,qword ptr gs:[188h]
`041cd2fe 48898c2480000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+80h],rcx
`041cd306 488b8c24b0020000 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+2B0h]
`041cd30e 4c89842488000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+88h],r8
`041cd316 4533c0 xor r8d,r8d
`041cd319 48898c2490000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+90h],rcx
`041cd321 488b8c24b8020000 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+2B8h]
`041cd329 498bc1 mov rax,r9
`041cd32c 48898c2498000000 mov qword ptr [rsp+98h],rcx
`041cd334 488b8c24e8020000 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+2E8h]
`041cd33c 89542464 mov dword ptr [rsp+64h],edx
`041cd340 458ae0 mov r12b,r8b
`041cd343 48894c2470 mov qword ptr [rsp+70h],rcx
`041cd348 4d3be8 cmp r13,r8
`041cd34b 7407 je a8 (`041cd354)
`041cd34d 448aa3f6010000 mov r12b,byte ptr [rbx+1F6h]
`041cd354 4c89442468 mov qword ptr [rsp+68h],r8
`041cd359 be080000c0 mov esi,0C0000008h
`041cd35e 493bc0 cmp rax,r8
`041cd361 0f842a020000 je 2e5 (`041cd591)
`041cd367 4c89442430 mov qword ptr [rsp+30h],r8
`041cd36c 4c8b05ad4cf4ff mov r8,qword ptr [nt!PsProcessType (`04112020)]
`041cd373 488d4c2478 lea rcx,[rsp+78h]
`041cd378 48894c2428 mov qword ptr [rsp+28h],rcx
`041cd37d 458acc mov r9b,r12b
`041cd380 ba02000000 mov edx,2
`041cd385 488bc8 mov rcx,rax
`041cd388 c744242044666c74 mov dword ptr [rsp+20h],746C6644h
`041cd390 e84ba10000 call nt!ObReferenceObjectByHandleWithTag (`041d74e0)
`041cd395 488b6c2478 mov rbp,qword ptr [rsp+78h]
`041cd39a 4533c0 xor r8d,r8d
`041cd39d 413bc0 cmp eax,r8d
`041cd3a0 0f8c9a010000 jl 294 (`041cd540)
`041cd3a6 453ae0 cmp r12b,r8b
`041cd3a9 0f85bc010000 jne 2bf (`041cd56b)
`041cd56b 483b2dbe4af4ff cmp rbp,qword ptr [nt!PsInitialSystemProcess (`04112030)]
`041cd572 0f8537feffff jne 103 (`041cd3af)
`041cd3af 8b8c24d0020000 mov ecx,dword ptr [rsp+2D0h]
`041cd3b6 41b901000000 mov r9d,1
`041cd3bc 418bc0 mov eax,r8d
`041cd3bf 4184c9 test r9b,cl
`041cd3c2 410f45c1 cmovne eax,r9d
`041cd3c6 f6c102 test cl,2
`041cd3c9 0f85ba010000 jne 2dd (`041cd589)
`041cd3cf 89442460 mov dword ptr [rsp+60h],eax
`041cd3d3 f6c104 test cl,4
`041cd3d6 0f855e200500 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x2a7ca (`0421f43a)
`041cd3dc f6c108 test cl,8
`041cd3df 0f8598010000 jne 2d1 (`041cd57d)
`041cd3e5 66ff8bc4010000 dec word ptr [rbx+1C4h]
`041cd3ec 0f0d8d78010000 prefetchw [rbp+178h]
`041cd3f3 488b8578010000 mov rax,qword ptr [rbp+178h]
`041cd3fa 4883e0fe and rax,0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEh
`041cd3fe 488d4802 lea rcx,[rax+2]
`041cd402 f0480fb18d78010000 lock cmpxchg qword ptr [rbp+178h],rcx
`041cd40b 0f8535200500 jne nt! ?? ::NNGAKEGL::`string'+0x2a7d6 (`0421f446)
`041cd411 488bcd mov rcx,rbp
`041cd414 e8d70ad2ff call nt!ObfReferenceObject (`03eedef0)
`041cd419 488b442470 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+70h]
`041cd41e 488b942488000000 mov rdx,qword ptr [rsp+88h]
`041cd426 4c8d9c24a0000000 lea r11,[rsp+0A0h]
`041cd42e 4d8bce mov r9,r14
`041cd431 458ac4 mov r8b,r12b
`041cd434 4c895c2458 mov qword ptr [rsp+58h],r11
`041cd439 4889442450 mov qword ptr [rsp+50h],rax
`041cd43e 488d442468 lea rax,[rsp+68h]
`041cd443 4889442448 mov qword ptr [rsp+48h],rax
`041cd448 488d442460 lea rax,[rsp+60h]
`041cd44d 488bcd mov rcx,rbp
`041cd450 4889442440 mov qword ptr [rsp+40h],rax
`041cd455 488b8424e0020000 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+2E0h]
`041cd45d 4889442438 mov qword ptr [rsp+38h],rax
`041cd462 488b8424d8020000 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+2D8h]
`041cd46a 4889442430 mov qword ptr [rsp+30h],rax
`041cd46f 4c897c2428 mov qword ptr [rsp+28h],r15
`041cd474 4c896c2420 mov qword ptr [rsp+20h],r13
`041cd479 e836010000 call nt!PspAllocateThread (`041cd5b4)
kd> dq [rsp+50h] l1
fffff880`04286070 fffff880`04286310
kd> dq fffff880`04286310 l4
fffff880`04286310 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
fffff880`04286320 fffff880`00000000 00000144`00000000观察上面的执行路径不难发现传递给 PspAllocateThread 函数的第 11 个参数来自 PspCreateThread 函数的 [rsp+2E8h] 第 14 个参数，而在当前函数中没有进行任何修改和取值访问。
而在 NtCreateThreadEx 函数中由于虚拟化设置问题暂时无法进行单步追踪。所以通过 IDA 对其汇编代码进行分析，再加上通过 PspAllocateThread 函数返回后的上下文，对运行现场的环境进一步的追踪：
`403701DF loc_1403701DF:
`403701DF mov [rsp+748h+var_6D8], bl
`403701E3 mov rax, [rsp+748h+arg_40]
`403701EB mov [rsp+748h+var_6C8], rax
`403701F3 mov rax, [rsp+748h+arg_48]
`403701FB mov [rsp+748h+var_6C0], rax
`40370203 mov rax, [rsp+748h+arg_38]
`4037020B mov [rsp+748h+var_6D0], rax
`40370210 mov [rsp+748h+var_6B8], ebx
`40370217 xor edx, edx ; Val
`40370219 mov r8d, 150h ; Size
`4037021F lea rcx, [rsp+748h+var_198] ; Dst
`40370227 call memset
`4037022C test rdi, rdi
`4037022F jz short loc_140370285
`40370231 mov rax, gs:188h
`4037023A lea r9, [rsp+748h+var_198]
`40370242 mov r8d, 1
`40370248 mov dl, [rax+1F6h]
`4037024E mov rcx, rdi
`40370251 call PspBuildCreateProcessContext
`40370256 test eax, eax
`40370258 js loc_140370396
`4037025E lea rax, [rsp+748h+var_70]
`40370266 bt dword ptr [rsp+748h+var_198], 0Ch
`4037026F cmovnb rax, rbx
`40370273 mov rbx, rax
`40370276 bt dword ptr [rsp+748h+var_198], 0Eh
`4037027F jb loc_1403C8D38
`40370285
`40370285 loc_140370285:
`40370285 mov [rsp+748h+var_638], 10000Bh
`40370290 mov rax, cs:PspUserThreadStart
`40370297 mov [rsp+748h+var_570], rax
`4037029F mov rax, [rsp+748h+arg_20]
`403702A7 mov [rsp+748h+var_5E8], rax
`403702AF mov rax, [rsp+748h+arg_28]
`403702B7 mov [rsp+748h+var_5E0], rax
`403702BF mov ecx, 2Bh
`403702C4 mov [rsp+748h+var_62E], cx
`403702CC mov [rsp+748h+var_62C], cx
`403702D4 lea eax, [rcx+28h]
`403702D7 mov [rsp+748h+var_62A], ax
`403702DF mov [rsp+748h+var_628], cx
`403702E7 mov [rsp+748h+var_626], cx
`403702EF lea eax, [rcx+8]
`403702F2 mov [rsp+748h+var_630], ax
`403702FA mov ecx, 1F80h
`403702FF mov [rsp+748h+var_634], ecx
`40370306 mov eax, 27Fh
`4037030B mov [rsp+748h+var_568], ax
`40370313 mov [rsp+748h+var_550], ecx
`4037031A lea rax, [rsp+748h+var_6D8]
`4037031F mov [rsp+748h+var_6E0], rax
`40370324 and [rsp+748h+var_6E8], 0
`4037032A and [rsp+748h+var_6F0], 0
`40370330 mov dword ptr [rsp+748h+var_6F8], r12d ; __int64
`40370335 lea rax, [rsp+748h+var_6A8]
`4037033D mov [rsp+748h+var_700], rax ; __int64
`40370342 lea rax, [rsp+748h+var_668]
`4037034A mov [rsp+748h+var_708], rax ; __int64
`4037034F mov rax, qword ptr [rsp+748h+var_190]
`40370357 mov qword ptr [rsp+748h+var_710], rax ; int
`4037035C mov qword ptr [rsp+748h+var_718], rbx ; int
`40370361 lea rax, [rsp+748h+var_198]
`40370369 mov [rsp+748h+var_720], rax ; __int64
`4037036E and [rsp+748h+var_728], 0
`40370374 mov r9, r15 ; __int64
`40370377 mov r8, r14 ; __int64
`4037037A mov edx, r13d ; __int64
`4037037D mov rcx, rsi ; PVOID
`40370380 call PspCreateThread上面的反汇编指令片段是在 IDA 中截取的。根据汇编代码显示，[rsp+748h+var_6E0] 是传入 PspCreateThread 函数的第 14 个参数。其取值为 [rsp+748h+var_6D8] 局部变量的地址。var_6D8 是位于栈上的一个结构体对象，需要关注的是其中 +10 偏移的域，在稍早时候对结构体赋初值，这个域由第 9 个参数 [rsp+748h+arg_40] 赋值。
`403701DF mov [rsp+748h+var_6D8], bl
`403701E3 mov rax, [rsp+748h+arg_40]
`403701EB mov [rsp+748h+var_6C8], rax由第 9 个参数赋初值，那就说明这个值是由 NtCreateThreadEx 的调用者传入的。该函数原型如下：
NTSTATUS
NTAPI
Handle_SSDT_NtCreateThreadEx(
OUT PHANDLE ThreadHandle,
IN ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
IN POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
IN HANDLE ProcessHandle,
IN LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE StartAddress,
IN LPVOID Parameter,
IN BOOL CreateSuspended,
IN ULONG StackZeroBits,
IN ULONG SizeOfStackCommit,
IN ULONG SizeOfStackReserve,
OUT LPVOID BytesBuffer
);第 9 个参数是 SizeOfStackCommit，但我在 Hook 处理函数中监控这个参数，它的值始终是处于正常范围的数值，从未出现前面分析中的 0xFFFFF88000000000 这样的数据。突然注意到在 Hook 处理函数中调用原函数时对栈上的参数进行赋值的代码：
`050721af 488b8424d0000000 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+0D0h]
`050721b7 4889442450 mov qword ptr [rsp+50h],rax
`050721bc 8b8424c8000000 mov eax,dword ptr [rsp+0C8h]
`050721c3 89442448 mov dword ptr [rsp+48h],eax
`050721c7 8b8424c0000000 mov eax,dword ptr [rsp+0C0h]
`050721ce 89442440 mov dword ptr [rsp+40h],eax
`050721d2 8b8424b8000000 mov eax,dword ptr [rsp+0B8h]
`050721d9 89442438 mov dword ptr [rsp+38h],eax
`050721dd 8b8424b0000000 mov eax,dword ptr [rsp+0B0h]
`050721e4 89442430 mov dword ptr [rsp+30h],eax
`050721e8 488b8424a8000000 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+0A8h]
`050721f0 4889442428 mov qword ptr [rsp+28h],rax
`050721f5 488b8424a0000000 mov rax,qword ptr [rsp+0A0h]
`050721fd 4889442420 mov qword ptr [rsp+20h],rax
`05072202 4c8b8c2498000000 mov r9,qword ptr [rsp+98h]
`0507220a 4c8b842490000000 mov r8,qword ptr [rsp+90h]
`05072212 8b942488000000 mov edx,dword ptr [rsp+88h]
`05072219 488b8c2480000000 mov rcx,qword ptr [rsp+80h]
`05072221 ff542468 call qword ptr [rsp+68h]上面代码中 mov dword ptr [rsp+40h], eax 这条指令对 SizeOfStackCommit 参数进行传值。在传值之前我无意中看了一下 rsp+40h 地址的原值：
kd> dq [rsp+40h] l1
fffff880`0310ea30 fffff880`0310ea98原来如此，由于 Hook 处理函数和原函数指针类型定义失误，将这个参数定义成了 ULONG32 类型，所以在传参时只通过 eax 进行赋值，栈上的参数位置高 32 位被忽略并保持原值；但在实际的 NtCreateThreadEx 函数中，应是将这个参数作为 ULONG_PTR 进行解析，在 64 位下应是 ULONG64 宽度，所以将参数中没有清零的高 32 位也作为参数值的一部分了，这就最终导致了前面的错误状态码。而这次的错误和虚拟化无关。
真是一次坑爹的分析。
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